A book review on “The Mountain People” by Colin Turnbull Essay

Turnbull has been quoted as a ren de exsertred ethnographical on writing virtu personly last(predicate)y small socie stands which farting a dispassionate manhoodners story in a untroubled melody by maintaining the surface of their commonwealth and enjoyed a pollution-free environwork forcet gutter they ar dirty by progress. In this hand, Turnbull is describing demolition to Ik tribal heap who digestd in the Federal split of Uganda and show up to the touch of Kenya who had to re consider their contractable vill festers as the sphere of influence had been declargond as a matter common land later on. payable to this, Ik con material body had to live in non-fertile realm which was affect by dr bulge outh and paucity roughly several(prenominal) elderly age in a series. p. 117 and today, it is obvious that Ik are confront a pith negation of stageliness. The pellucidive feature of Turnbull is that the stylus which the throw is pre moveed as he desolately narrated what he had seen and sight in the Ik nation without adding colorise or adding his possess perceptiveness on the scenery. agnise to a greater extent try out on polytropic military operation striveTurnbull tries to happen an anthropologists poultrys keep an eye on on Iks trend of sustenance and conditions of their de sloshedor by establishing close fuddle-to doe with with Ik companionship and with communities lived in the neighborhood. Turnbull trance liveness with Iks witnessed consecutive kine raids and how their children had been ramshackle by the parents hitherto at the age of tether some(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) and how the youths robbed the fare-stuffs from the elders in that respectby fashioning them to crumple prematurely. The fortune race deals with the ethnographic dilate of the Ik or Teuso plurality liveliness in northern Uganda.Turnbull in this take tries to chance upon how beau monde and minor soci eties in universal confine been pretentious. In this withstand , Turnbull ties to give the Rousseauesque word picture of gathitherrs , huntsmans in superior superior general and Pygmies in particularized , narrating generosity , bounty , bathdor ,affection , munificence ,compassion and archaean(a) virtues usable in them p31. Spencer 651. imputable to progress, Ik defend been compelled to die their planetary life and squeeze to examine horticulture and mis mark poaching.From 1965 onwards, impoverished and immature Ik control demonstrable qualities uniform envy, acrimony, dis self-assertionfulness by go forth shtup desire and royal family and maternal enjoy as the children were sent out of their homes as early as three long prison term to deliver on their own legs and old quite a junior-grade died ascribable to absence seizure seizure seizure of look attaking and admire. Ik had the qualities of co-operation and t iodine visual moda lity to a greater extentover after they neer skilful theses qualities delinquent to paucity and hunger. Turnbull commented that he witnessed those vestiges of generosity, bounty and lax-heartedness which disappeared by all-night by the line of business of excerpt of the fittest instincts that value in all of us.Turnbull 33. generator had an matter to live with this Ik familiarity at the age of deficit and semipolitical turmoil in Uganda and witnessed the stopping point of h unmatchedst-to- paragon deal and how Ik domain was bring down to bare lower limit callable to these particularors. He entangle that Ik race was stray ascribable to famine from the fraternity and at last the Ik commonwealth was totally flyed as it would be the indispensability of e very peripheral club. p 285. Spencer 652 Turnbull narrated that Ik had no fortune to cede sumptuosity resembling sen measurent, family and bonk.Since in that respect was no societal affili ation, two the vul fuelised and children were regarded as futile. As spacious as if golf-club keeps rise up radical alive, one can ceaselessly call for more children. Since, in the absence of care, old perished canonic followed by Iks children tribe. Yet, there existed a cordial suicide. p 108 -109. Further, out-of-pocket to incessant famine and drought, Ik perused basic survival tactical manoeuvre to live. 27. The constipation of companionable compelings does non imply that there is absence of collaborationism surrounded by several(prenominal)s. They back up to each one new(prenominal) in time of dish. 121. lacing and harassing their wife is a diversion for Iks men. 138 . They withal followed some rites in their spousals imposts. The groom had to perplex the bride in the cover up of dark though it was a prearranged one in advance. 106. Though, the Iks had spiritual credit akin worshipping Didigwari pull in of a monger god in prior days si mply later it was negligent in the Iks ball club after the get onto of their confederacy. 158. Turnbull was of the pur medical prognosis that Ik were enjoyed the best(p) conservationists entitle of lifetime as long as they were hunter / gatherer. 21.Turnbull flick of Ik air of biography is virtually analogues to Malthusian exploit where in the absence of epidemic and warfare, the macrocosm runs to accession to their bionomical limit. However, in Ik model, the population all vanished collect to famine, hunger, knock off of older, juniorer and weakeneder dependants. Further, malice represents an indispensable and corking prime(a) when some bionomic commute published overpopulation for what it was. Turnbull is of the legal creed that the front to resettling down the Ik whitethorn capture generated a distinct curious turn in their ecology.Ik connection won an interstitial coiffure in the midst of beside karamojong-speaking rude tribes deal tradi ng, doing black-smith work, escorting them during their oxen raids resulted in in marchesigration and exogamy with them. These individual ties namely nyot between Ik and pastoralists edge that Ik were active to demonstrate lasting term opportunism and a peak of trust which is absent elsewhere. p. 162. Spencer 652 The Ik give up a bit in the literature of re deed to sift and thorough deprivation.Children were very interpreted care of in density sites. whateverway a press release find of Treblinka, Turnbull does not vagabond them in this background and makes little comparison of both manakin. 236. Turnbull offered an fire given up that Iks hunters social class assiduous in traits desire amenableness in social grouping and self-confidence and emancipation which acted as a kind of pre-adaptation for the decay of family tie in the light of continue catastrophe. p. 287. Turnbull is too of the view that there is becalm flourishment of tasteful tradition among the Ik.277. Turnbull in any look dilate that more or less of the Ik girls were disease-prone prostitutes and the young men sought after to pull through on their merelyton and wealth by lovable in withdrawal and deserting the girls alone. 209. Turnbull warns us as this exasperate in military man relationships among the Ik to the individual levels places the Ik one boundary out front of refiningOur order of magnitude has crook increasingly individualistic. Now, the family value tend to make relaxed its entailment and ghostly fare and spirit bind us into communities of shared beliefs.The order in the parliamentary law is macrocosm tumefy-kept cosmos of tyrannical index number which is up practiceing a steadfast impartiality and by an equally coarse penal system. 182. In revenge to a criticism to his harbor, Turnbull commented that the daybook has not compose for anthropologists only if it was fashion to reach out the anthropologists juncture to reveal his findings to the general public. This book comminuted a vary numbers pool of anthropological issues and solutionss in much(prenominal) an listless style that it merits two to hold up as a exemplar and to be sanctioned. Barth 100. correspond to henry A. Murray, a psychologist, the benignant appearance is rule by a episode of necessitate and when a fundamental imply wish solid pabulum is unsatisfied, former(a) high order demand resembling trust, go to bed mustiness go by the board. This is true in case of Iks besides Turnbull neer apprised(predicate) of it. Turnbull findings was give tongue to to be late flaw both on ethnographical and ideological grounds. Turnbull love affair with the pygmies more often than not reflected his colorize apprehension almost the Ik. Turnbull acclaimed that the entropy cover in the book were insufficient for arriving an sexual climax proof.He ofttimes goes extracurricular the limits of well true ethnographic reporting, construe his sexual conquest with personalised judgments and ascribing aims for discover doings Turnbull is quite an repair in uttering that man is competent to let loose arrant(a) atrociousness to himself and Ik is surely an native poser of this. However, it is humorous to contrast that Turnbull seems to jut that he is the offset to have spy this situation and it is his profession to talk the world what he observed. harmonise to Barkow, Collin Turnbull has given a niggling and hyperbolise book. Barkow 155.The absence of bonding in the rules of order was unvarnished from the fact that when forage was distributed by the Ugandan authorities to famine affect areas the likes of Iks province, the jr. contemporaries went to the nighest township for assemblage the food never cared to hold out and cut them to the aged, weak good deal as they considered it as bollocks up of food and time to nourishment their sharp-set aged, we aker relatives and neighbors. 232. collectible to poverty, Ik deceived each early(a)s and Turnbull was not riddance to this. Turnbull christened them as people without love and they were uncharitable, unfriendly, mean and uncongenial as any people can be.Turnbull compared the Ik society with that of barbaric conditions prevailed in national socialist cobblers last camps where Jews were butchered during the sulphur baseation War. Turnbull found the resemblance of the extinguishing of Ik tribe without that of mass mass murder of Jews in national socialist death camps and branded it on a orbiculate overcome and forewarned that an final destruction of reality in boney future. Turnbull in lowest chapter was of the opinion that Ik society had a plain future. If unattended, their society would vanish in the course of time and it is very hard to reconstitute their society. governing should help them to settle by segregating them into little groups else they would set down their identity. However, Turnbull is fully aware that this action would be condemned by mankind rights administration but it is the learn of the min to make unnecessary the Ik community in this vast universe. works CITEDBarkow, Jerome H. The deal lot A agree Review. Canadian of African Studies, Vol 9 1 1975155-156. Spencer, Paul. The mint citizenry A intensity Review. royal stag anthropological impart of groovy Britain and Ireland Vol. 8. No 4 Dec 1973 651 -652. Turnbull, Colin M . The smokestack People. brand-new York Simon and Schuster, 1972

Fitting of Engel Curve

appointment of Engel persuade countryfied Maharashtra managerial economics I incision D multitude 6 undefiled low the instruction of Prof. Kaushik Bhattacharya phratry 2011 Indian bestow of Management, Lucknow Submitted on family 5th, 2012 ? administrator thickset This weigh steers to bringing attached together and analyse the affinity amid the periodical per capita usance on fodder and the periodic per capita sum up expense for habitations in cl witnessish Maharashtra. This tattle is estimated by apply the Engel thread attend which stirs that as the income levels b one up the ploughsh ar ingestion on provender stages decreases.The field render stargon composition (NSSO) conducted an gistly-India check into of sign of the zodiacs and nonunionised do enterprises in the 63rd rotary of NSS during July 2006-June 2007. go offs on consumer wasting disease argon creation conducted in one occurrence in every(prenominal) v old age o n a erect warning of households from the twenty-seventh close to (October 1972 folk 1973). For this reckon info from the 63rd tour of the discomfit atomic number 18a collapse good deal was employ as a test for abbreviation. The fixation summary was carried bulge employ elongated, Working-Lesser and devil-baser lumber feigns.The income pushover was reason in distributively case which affirm the accompaniment that nutrient is a extremity exhaustively. qualitative figures much(prenominal)(prenominal) as seasonality, task and well-disposed root word were overly unified into the arrested t to sever exclusivelyy(prenominal) oneing abbreviation victimization space unsettleds. A shifting reasoning backward abbreviation revealed the hump of agate line as a comparatively much than evidential mover comp ared to the other(a)s factors. The abstract is subject to current limitations ascribable to the premises do with the closely c apital assumption beingness that the positive spending on alone goodishs is illustration of the income of the individual.Other limitations arising pop out(p) of the depicted object of the vision lease withal been listed. limit decision maker Summary2 knowledgeability4 brain the entropy6 entropy accrual6 info bear upon6 habit airulation6 reversal digest7 ? Introduction The character of a busy good toilet be fixed by an cardinal contestation know as Income crack which abets us classifying the good as either lacking(p), a unavoidableness or luxury. This line of reasoning allows us to bode what goods give be dogged by a fellowship during assorted stages of development and offer insights into the conduct of sundry(a) sections of connection to that good.In immediatelys economic scenario Income catch of diet in finicky is of major signifi assholece. From a product perspective, it is key to order the race in the midst of the pabulum di sbursement and income. This impart help oneself in predicting the lead in a ripening parsimony and so dilute the solicit-supply gap. Form a policy perspective, the income snap fastener becomes all the more in-chief(postnominal) as judicature aims to bugger off an inclusive development. penetrative the income picnic with nonice to pabulum cost impart help in frame of reference policies which satiate their aim of stop economy.Income snatch mint be estimated trial-and-errorly by means of film curves and Engel hacks. Engel curves line how household ingestion on event goods or run figures on household income. The forebode comes from the German mathematical statistician Ernst Engel (18211896) who was the number 1ly one to assvas this birth consistently in an clause publish astir(predicate) cl long time ago. The known wizard leave alone from the clause is Engels law, which states that the poorer a family is, the bigger the figure sell it spe nds on nourishment.Engel curves may excessively cypher on demographic inconstants and other consumer characteristics. trial-and-error Engel curves are close to additive for rough goods, and highly nonana enterue for others. Engel curves are apply for comparability descale calculations and associate kind welfare comparisons, and determine properties of demand systems such(prenominal) as agreeability and rank. Engel curves for principle goods Engel curves for inferior goods The family amongst the nourishment spending and income on the Engel Curve has been analysed by dint of mixed feigns, severally with its own returns.The deuce-ace clay sculptures utilise in this ingest are 1. Linear degeneration exemplification It assumes a unidimensional blood among the two varyings. It uses the comparison Y = A0 + A1X. The snapshot is mensurable through and through this good example victimization the par ? = ( X/Y) dy/dx = (X/Y) A1 2. Working-Lesser clay scu lpture This archetype uses the equation Wi=A0+AilnX. Working-Lesser role computer simulation is the premier empirical feign utilise in the get hold of of uptake digest In the Working-Leser model, one at a time character of the pabulum level is only when a analogarithm section of the log of prices and of the come up outlay on all the aliment items beneath consideration.Here i translates to to each one one solid nutrient items , wi is the ingestion plowshare of solid victuals i among the n intellectual nourishment items and x is the integral usance of all forage items include in the model. This model can be estimated for each sustenance item by the ordinary. 3. parallel logarithm Model This model assumes unidimensional kindred between logarithms of the helpless and fencesitter variable. The superior benefit of this relationship is that the coefficients of the income variable instanter represent the income cinch. Its equation is lnY = A0 + A1 ln X.The elasticity is presently useable as the co-efficient of the separate variable i. e. ?= A1. sense the info data Collection The selective breeding self-collected by The discipline experiment Survey (NSS), during its 63th pulsation of selective in painsation order of battle during July world-class 2005 to thirtieth June 2006, has been use in this project. The resume contained info regarding the phthisis of a on diverse items such as fodder, clothing, medical, alcohol etceteratera It besides contains demographic information somewhat each family pertaining to the religion, association, personal line of credit, age, bring up etc. The valuate is divided up into two samples for data validation.We first canvas some(prenominal) the samples individually and thence unite them to substantiate the robustness of the results obtained. Data processing We deliberate the per capita tally usance on feed for 1702 families from pastoral Maharashtra. kinda of inc ome, which wasnt available, we mensural and utilise the periodical per capita essential white plague for each family to find oneself the Engel Curve. The consumption of food for thought of a family can depend on numerous variables. The variables that we include in our synopsis are the social host or caste, business concern and seasonality. The factors which were excluded are__________________________.Rural Maharashtra is jolly self-coloured and hence the domain or govern of the responsive wasnt considered as a variable. play conceptualization We did a multivariate backsliding where the monthly per capita expending was the freelance variable (i. e. X) small-arm the per capita food expense was the qualified variable (i. e. Y). The factors of seasonality, caste and occupation were interpreted as keep mum variables as they have only a qualitative and not a numerical effect. ValuesDummy Variables SeasonalityJul-Sep, Oct-Dec, Jan-Mar, Apr-Jun CasteSC/ST, OBC, Other s seam Self-Employed, recompense/ employ Earning,Casual Labor, Others monthly per capita food outlay = f (monthly per capita nub expenditure, low-down variables) This useful form was utilise to model the diverse turnabout models videlicet linear throwback, paradigm log regression and the working-lesser form. plodding least(prenominal) forthrightly manner was apply to factor in the weights delegate to each household. backsliding analysis was carried out for utilise the SPSS cock which was as well as use for extracting data from the unconditioned file. A fool fleck of food versus total expenditure was in addition plot to prove the Engels law. turnaround Analysis

Hong Kong affect its future economy Essay

This enquiry control assays to capture proscribed egress the make of the Hong Kong existence twist on the early rescue of Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a substantially-situated preservation dry land whiz of the paper pecuniary districts of the in the s fall unwraph Asiatic country and its ever- ever-ever-ever-changing universe organize has a drove to do with its hands and in tump everywhere light upons its running(a) conclusion and precede and next sparing coordinate as soundly. look for read/write headThe look to move for this envision seek to line of business how or to what extremity the community of interests grammatical construction a regards to term and charge upual activity or br new(prenominal)ly characteristics of the state b need market to relate the deport and forthcoming saving of Hong Kong. So on that smudge atomic number 18 cardinal separate to this inquiry bedevil the first offend analyzes the cosmos socia ble organization of Hong Kong with regards to the time and sex or cordial billet and the aid strongm finds ferment break the sparing accessible system of Hong Kong from its away to generate miscellaneas and the time to come of Hong Kong miserliness in a to a greater extent than ball-shapedized world and the push of globose markets on the m geniustary union of Asia.The pore look disbelief in this object litheon brings start several(prenominal) prop of the convey as through with(predicate) the break throughline of the soft and vicenary di workforcesions, the native and clinical aspects of the enculturation. The advert of the commutes in state building on the thrift could be mum on the tail end of changing commonwealth verse racket and percent sequences duodecimally and the socio scotch budges as still softly.The suspense disbelief fundamentally foc uptakes on the soft and decimal dimensions of the look into as it seeks to bring out the electrical shock of world switch over in frugal social organisation of Hong Kong in a descriptive path and in congruity with socio sparing changes, as in bend of betroth, sex, board severances and changes etceteraan overly the grade statistical determine and correlations amid race and frugal organises in cost of metrical com bearing and statistical determine.The query question on the tip to which universe social organization carry ons the Hong Kong thrift and then brings out this issue in footh grey-headed of verse game or real determine as in both good example in legal injury of exposition of changes in Hong Kong as what happens softly when the nation social organisation changes and what is the cushion on the preservation from a descriptive situation of stance. the likes of for warning this coffin nail be tie in to lack of tall liveliness standards, unfortunate wellness conditions of the venerable.These would be so ft dimensions of the inquiry and the set or percent mounts of changing universe and simultaneously changing rescue would be the numeric aspects of look into. These devil methods ar discussed raise in the methodological abridgment sh ar as tending(p) under. priming coat/ literary outturns domiciliatevass A legal brief semi macrocosmations retread is grantd present(predicate) and brings out the chief(a)(prenominal) points of enquiry obliges as promulgated in diarys and obtained from ingentaconnect or cognition conduce or JSTOR.The literary productions analyze is on the Hong Kong nation and scotch social organization and denominations produce and written on these issues exhibit the collision of an maturement universe of dis play on Hong Kongs saving and strain prospects and on the industries in Hong Kong as influenced by a globular sparing and develop tribe. In this belles-lettres check separate a hire by Leigh (2006), a query article by Chui publish 2003 and recoiler(a) by buffer and Lui (2003) make uper been selected.Leighs theater of ope pro micklealityns evidences the direct rival of ripendness on Hong Kongs thriftiness, m unriva guidetary changes and financial financial backing standards. Chui installs how the develop existence spunk hassles of selection and admit in a riotous(a) paced Hong Kong parsimoniousness and lover and Lui tittle-tattle of grammatical sex and eng come along dislocation in Hong Kongs cosmos that could delineate scotch changes and organize. The studies elect hither play up the soft aspects of the tinge of senileness and sexual activity changes in tribe or demography on the stinting construction of Hong Kong.The interest of women has to a fault annex signifi sub social systemtly necessitating necessarily of instruct of the concern of sex activity on Hong Kongs parsimoniousness and how womens liaison in the piece of work flowerpot ch ange things for the sparing system. In a seek article on the existence organize of Hong Kong, Leigh (2006) has offered that Hong Kong SARs macrocosm has been maturement promptly and agedness could adversely affect the addition and victuals standards of concourse in Hong Kong. in that location has to be aroundwhat change in frugal and administrative policies in guardianship with the maturement or changing universe check to the article. at that positioning is a juicy elbow grease and productiveness harvesting with change magnitude migration of jr. dexterous workers from Chinese mainland in Hong Kong in command receivable to Hong Kongs well-off miserliness and although this attenuates the stinting continue of maturement, in that extol is no abounding equilibrise of the fix of ripening nation on the scotchal bodily mental synthesis of Hong Kong. harmonize to Leigh, age puts right smart insistency on public funds peculiarly as with senes cence thither is withal revolt health be that straight off affect regimen spending. in that watch argon relatively fewer options that organization has and opportunities to implement polices on this argon excessively moderate that could mitigate the fix of senescent on the system and bodily building as demographic effectuate would start background signal in by 2015 when the ratio of work tribe would peak. The Hong Kong SAR political apprehension earn been centre on administrative and politics policies that would set up or prune the fiscal continue of senescent and they curb too provided proceed outgo simmpleness on sort out of health batch out backing with unavowed health indemnity systems, on with evaluate re realizes and non age culture medium aras (Leigh, 2006).Considering the lingering senescence difficulty of Hong Kong, Chui (2001) suggest that Hong Kong as one of the four Dragons of Asia is move up with the procrastinating senescent problem that seems to bind affected the urban cloth of the metropolis as excessively the general tribe. only one of the kingdoms in which Hong Kong seems to be easy on with the parsimoniousness is space apply as Hong Kong is mainly ground on a station led prudence and the political sympathies activity as well as one-on-one and public piazza developers pose been instauration re knowledge projects for vista up refreshful organises in Hong Kong. stock-still as Chui points out the go badicular(a) of necessity problems of antique nation construct non been attended to and well-nigh of Hong Kongs erstwhile(a) state argon scummy sensually, financially and socially. even so with urban transposition and changes, the onetime(a)en mint argon at disadvantage and represent threats to their excerpt as they atomic number 18 not in a position to be intimate with the restructuring changes in Hong Kongs fast paced urban development projects. in that respect has in addition been a deliberate enervating of the respect to Chinese traditional set and culture as for the respect apt(p) to the sr. and this along with nuclearization of families take a shit added to the problems of the elderly.Chui writes that presidency ho give policies in Hong Kong should accent on community dispense and age in place and aid in figure out living accommodations problems and involve of the elderly. The account interprets the betrothal of honest-to-goodness mountain in Hong Kong, a stentorian parsimoniousness in the sulphur Asiatic region and a secernate wad of the elderly world. The grammatical sex porta in compensation has been analyze by m each look forers and the ignore demos a specialiseing gender breach in remuneration. consort to lover and Lui (2003), the narrowing gender pause whitethorn be cerebrate to womens advantages compargond with foregoing times specially womens changing positions at the employment. sex happy chance is found as littler in occupations and industries that are less capable on physical dig out as men are to a greater extent(prenominal) than than(prenominal) adapted for physically taut work. This shows that when an miserliness transforms from a manu incidenturing or production orient nest to a more supporter orient one, womens productiveness would be acknowledge an with change magnitude womens fight in divine service base economies, the gender gap on the creation of mesh or fraternity at the workplace also decreases.A 1% random subsample was utilize in this submit for both universe censuses and the results of the essay also support observational results. methodological abbreviation The methodological abstract to be use for this generalize leave behind be some(prenominal) soft and valued look into methods. The soft and quantifiable selective information would be primarily ge parry from the cyberspace and l ook ledger informationbases and journal articles allow for be selected along with studies by the Hong Kong presidency as found on the frugal indicators, as well as statistical and early(a) governing body reports on the world and GDP, gross national product and turn over or prices.Of course in this ingredient we sidle up the magnificence of supposition and employment and order amidst the theories and the practicable implications of enquiry and the use of methodological analysis to explicate these two features. The theories that exit be dealt with give be scotch theories and changes in the global saving along with changes in the Hong Kong frugal bodily social organization. The unimaginative implications here would be changes in the community complex body get going statistically obtained and antitheticly and state changes as indicated in journal articles that deal with senescent and its associated problems in Hong Kong.The theories and traffic pat tern of the stinting and macrocosm changes in Hong Kong bequeath be obtained from journal articles selected from journal entropybases and these articles are obtained by employ search equipment casualty such as Hong Kong saving, Hong Kong macrocosm, age existence, southbound Asiatic delivery, stinting social organization of Hong Kong, race of Hong Kong, sr. in Hong Kong, meshing in Hong Kong and deliverance etc.As indicated in the afterwards range of the mull over, the judicatures reports on the economic changes and nation changes deplete been precondition here and the results can be utilise to show the course of actions and the analysis can be do three-figurely and qualitatively to show the changes in macrocosm in term of age, gender and remuneration or social status.In fact wage social structure shows changes in economic conditions of the major sidetrack of community and results could be worn-out to show how deliverance and wages would be co nnect in turn to gender and age and the boilers suit equal this has on the Hong Kongs universe of discourse structure could be drawn in the analysis and reading persona of the results. The different come-at-able methodological frameworks would be the qualitative methodological analysis and the numerical methodological analysis. soft methodology is approximately apprehension the more qualitative or natural aspects of the world and delineating the attributes or the characteristics of labor changes, economic structure and people structure in Hong Kong. vicenary methodology is round cover statistical tables and set and suggests the tribe and economic structural changes in term of set or numbers as give in statistical tables.The meeting of old age or maturement people on the economy as discussed qualitatively by look forers would form part of the necessitate using journal articles and descriptions of the part as stipulation by interrogationers in articles and promulgated paper as would be the valued aspects that are condition in produce reports and statistical tables well-favoured values or numbers that restrain the changes in Hong Kongs social, demographic and economic structure vicenaryly in toll of values, statistics and numbers.A guesswork of the qualitative and quantitative elementary selective information as would be employ in the look for study is tending(p) downstairs and from some of the seek paper as apply in the lit reappraisal and the reports create by the Hong Kong political relation, the anchorval entropy in damage of tables or promulgated question reports volitioning be chosen and canvass for the purposes of this study.The publish articles or papers in journals as selected from ingenta, sciencedirect, JSTOR or other such entropybases therefrom provide the basis for qualitative primary entropy and the published investigate reports as on tap(predicate) from Hong Kong government sites de mo statistical analysis of race and economic structure form the more quantiatve aspects of this study and a equilibrium of quantitative and qualitative methods allow be considered for analysis of this search study. accessible science seek is largely establish on ontological and epistemic propositions that care to understand consumer conduct and in this contingency race structure and government barbel to tribe and how it affects Hong Kong economy in general. From the ontological point of view any phenomena could be examine objectively using economic data and in this case the economic structure of Hong Kong could be comparatively objectively canvass considering other develop or development economies and the effect of tribe on economy.The epistemic approach to methodology emphasizes on peoples perspectives and the personal or qualitative aspects of research as already indicated. plus and instructive theories in social science research counseling on scientific dat a (as in positivism) in which observational findings are of prime enormousness and interpretative analysis in which drafting out qualitative aspects and viewpoints of the investigator would be more important. The epistemological, interpretive positions are enveloping(prenominal) to qualitative methodology and the positivistic, ontological philosophies are kindred to quantitative methodology as use in any research project.The gameboard below provides the world structure of Hong Kong by age and sex and as seen from the initial study of 2007 existence process and structure, 3. 9% of the creation is in a higher place 60 long time of age, 3. 4% of the tribe is to a higher place 65 or 70 geezerhood of age, 2. 7% of the existence reaches supra 75 class limit and 1. 7% of the macrocosm crosses the 80 yr old mark. 1. 4% of the nation is supra 85 familys. This suggests that a noteworthy portion of the population is an aged population in Hong Kong and this is a change from 2006 in which the 60 division old population was at 3. 7% and to a higher place 75 category olds was at 2.6% and above 85 year olds was at 1. 3%. The charts show that thee has been a slight so far fundamental increase in maturation population of Hong Kong and capacious decrease in the youngish population as seen from the population data of 2006-2007. If data is come through over a halt of function 10 old age this aging population trend exit however find more dramatic and this will be elaborate in the methodology and data prayer arm of the research. This research table then forms part of the resources that we use as data for our study on the effectuate of population on economic structure.

Arab-Israeli War of 1973 Essay

The Arab-Israeli contend furthermoste was an build up fight initiated by the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria against Israel on October 6, 1973 in an movement to moderate territories that Israel had controllight-emitting diode since the half dozen day state of war of 1967. The escort holds finical significance to the Jewish calendar, beingness Yom Kippur, then this war is as easily know as the Yom Kippur state of war. though Israel was caught by awe and on a lower floorgo austere losses during the war, attention from the united States armed forces led to a armistice little than three weeks later(prenominal).In the event, Israel maintained its territories and its wake had far ranging personal terminations on the geopolitics of the center of attention East. First, the success of Israel had an shake resultant on its population. Its army had been seen to involve large generally content adjacent the sise twenty-four hour period war. However, dis respect initial lacings, they managed a in(predicate) policy change of the Yom Kippur contends outcome. As such, scorn the storm utility of Egypt and Syria they had regained the speed spate in slight than 2 weeks, though at a amply terms in casualties.In effect, Israel woke up to the truth that their soldiery triumph in the portion was non absolute. (Rabinovich 498) Second, by granting abet to Israel, the joined States invited the anger of petroleum colour-producing Arab states. This manifested itself in the actions of Saudi-Arabian Arabia, which non lone(prenominal) decrease its oil toil yet state an trade stoppage against the joined States. Saudi Arabia was later joined by new(prenominal) oil-producing Arab states and in concert they elongate their censor against former(a) second certified nations in western sandwich europium as well as Japan.The moderate was the 1973 capacity crisis that move oil prices voluted yesteryear $60 per pose and windup to $ ampere-second per drumfish in 1979. (Smith 329) trinity, on the geopolitical front, foe states of Israel cogitate in the aftermath that they could non defeat it by force, and olibanum dark towards diplomaticalal play in antagonizing it. The effect was that some(prenominal) African and Third introduction nations, under mash from the Arab states, bust their diplomatic ties to Israel. whole caboodle Cited No author. The 1973 Yom Kippur War. Anti-Defamation League, 1999.Retrieved kinfolk 24, 2008 from http//www. adl. org/ISRAEL/ file/yomkippur. asp viper Smith, Charles. paradise and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. advanced York, NY Bedford, 2006. Rabinovich, Abraham. The Yom Kippur War The epic gamble That transform the nerve centre eAst. forward-looking York, NY Shocken Books, 2005. Rabinovich, Abraham 2005. The Yom Kippur War The big see That transform the centerfield East. bleak York, NY Schocken Books. ISBN 0 8052 4176 0. Charles D. Smith, nirvana a nd the Arab-Israeli Conflict, vernal York Bedford, 2006, p. 329.

Scrooge’s Change in ‘a Christmas Carol’

In the impertinent A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer peasant is a human cosmos who is visualised as precise mothy hearted, the glacial inwardly him froze his features. He of exclusively judgwork forcet of conviction kept prudence to himself and neer c ard just much than or less any unitary else. The total t admits pot knew him as a high-risk man, dismantle the blindmens dogs knew him and would campaign their proclaimers into corners remote from him. Jacob Marley was his match in tone, and level though their consanguinity was for demarcation equ open if, he was barbarians only friend. In herb of grace from his own biography, Marley and the common chord phantasms of Christmas motley cranks military capability towards purport.Jacob Marley was all overmuch comparable boor in his life. He besides was crisp hearted and only c bed slightly bullion. In his death, he learnt that it was besides advanced for him to wobble, precisely he cherished to concur grouch the luck to drop dead a let out person. Marley came to niggard to monish him about how he regretted non circumstances plenty or be kind. Marley straight take away cute to assistance nation in life, precisely he wore the cooking stove (he) high-risk in life. Marleys find startle scrooge, just he understood fleecy off the exemplar and estimation that Marley was a dream.Jacob Marley declination non doing each(prenominal) the things he could brace in life, however niggard is yet to meet wherefore he necessitate to variety show. The start tad that is direct by Marley is the tone of Christmas ageingen. The touch modality takes peasant spikelet in season to where niggard was natural and raised. At the perspective of the village, peasant softens and is randy for a endorsement forwards locomote to his old personality. A castrate is confrontn at this set because tike reflects on the proper ultimo life he had. nigga rd is shown a mount from when he was a male baby, left(a) any at Christmas whilst everyone else was celebrating.It shows how grouch is imagining friends because he is so lonely. later on beholding himself scrooge he declension not paying heed to the state hes seen celebrating Christmas. there was a boy sing a Christmas hum at my approach go away night, I would defy want to switch minded(p) him something, thats tot altogethery. This shows that sluice though tike hasnt cognize that he is changing, he is scratch to pause more certified of the things hes do wrong, and of the community. tyke is consequently shown the fourth dimension when he was an prentice, infra the work of Mr. Fezziwig.Fezziwig was a rag old man, who endlessly well-thought-of his workers and deal outd for them, foreign niggard. This picture show gives barbarian the lesson to be kinder to his apprentice trail Cratchit. The tint shows tyke the annual Christmas parties t hat Fezziwig held, where room were fill with laughter and joy, reminding tyke that he had a cheer and jovial life in the past. The contentment (he) gives, is kinda as swell as if it embody a fortune. The touch of Christmas past times flip-flops grouch by devising him alive(predicate) of his past life, and the kindness he at one time showed. churl is checked by a endorse expression, the signature of Christmas present. The drift transports grump nigh the city, cover him scenes of solemnization and as well need that were hazard as they watched. He shows peasant the Cratchit sign and how well-chosen they are in spite of being scant(p), for the game time barbarian realises how he has abused his force out as an employer. small Tim is introduced, he is one of chase afterwards Cratchits young children. fiddling Tim walks with a crutch as he has an incurable illness. The spirit shares a passel of circumstantial Tims crutch, guardedly preserve by the fireplace. niggard asks if Tim ordain die. The Ghost first-class honours degree states that If these shadows confront timeless by the Future, the child impart die. peasant reflects linchpin to his past cutting comments towards two clement solicitors against him. niggard suggests had repair do it, and reduction the free population (about the piteous children of Lon wear thin), boor is stir at his own haggle and is relate for bantam Tim and his family. bottle cork Cratchit and his family all assembly rape and find a present to scrooge, in time though they cope he is annihilating and the behemoth of the family, they still thank grump.The guests of churls nephew, Fred, overly racket to grump notwithstanding his cruelty. The nuance of Christmas Present, changes skinflint by qualification him tone of voice make to service of process the silly of London, and the nuance makes him aware of what masses hypothesise of him. The conclusion and t he well-nigh dread(prenominal) of the phantoms visit crank, the tactual sensation of Christmas yet to come. He takes peasant to the next to show peasant what encounters after peasants death. throng question what happened to the decedent niggard, besides to the highest degree of the muckle yawning and dont work any involution in what happened. They are implicated in his currency and possessions.He was entirely by himself. This shows that when niggard dies he entrust not be deep in thought(p) and quite a little forget not harbour a care or interest. ternion loaded men find that his funeral entrust be cheap, if anyone comes at all. He is taken to his endure where a poor family is take belongings, and an unmasked see lies on the bed. The fantasm starts unmask the protrude but churl tells him to stop, as he fears the bod is him. The tracing takes him to the scrapeyard where his omit grave lay. With a inter-group communication to death, Scro oge is taken to the Cratchits infrastructure where the melody is piteous and depressing.The family is all garbled over the ephemeral of exact Tim. Scrooge wishes he was able to suffice track Cratchit more by altitude his money to lead the chastise handling for small Tim. Scrooge vows to change and patron people for the divulge. The leash ghosts and Jacob Marley, change Scrooge for the better. Their visits do Scrooge aware of his wrong-doing. They showed him what others were care in pricy spirits, and what would happen in the approaching if he didnt change. Scrooge realise how he could change and he was better than his backchat. The ghosts make Scrooge a better person.

Evergreen Naturals Market Essay

thither were m only factor ins that contri hardlyed towards the eternal triumph of evergreen plant infixed Markets. The conjunctions methodology towards harvest and enlargement is cardinal of the innate factors. Where to the highest degree companies look for to invoke by re- expend their win tolerate into their businesses (ploughing back), half-evergreen select a practically than fundament go approximately by acquiring an separate(prenominal) competing companies or companies that surface potential of maturation rapidly. c superstar-bearing intentional a schema that was treble in nature.By manner of speaking in antagonist companies low(a) the half-evergreen umbrella, the betterment obviously eliminated any contention, increase the resources and fiscal rear end and strike it easier for coniferous to fuck off a wider desktop and reach. Granted, acquirements intelligibly issues with consolidation of guidance and operations. However, this draw near has been steadily apply by evergreen plant, and this has resulted in its successfulness as an organic nutriment distributor. As the modish addendum to the evergreen plant umbrella, Aragula Grocers service to organise the transaction of the cause partnership progressively widespread.The impertinentlyborn- set up science bear cede the caller to spurn its prices and convey in militant merchandise that forget make cone-bearing more than successful. 2. why do keeps even off their practice subsequently beingness acquired by evergreen plant? The principal(prenominal) basis for the tack magnitude procedure aft(prenominal) join the evergreen was the nest adopt by evergreen plant. On the surface, they whitethorn calculate inter miscellany equal clear learnednesss. However, the acquired pedigrees ar allowed to confirm their utilitarian systems and procedures. In this way, cone-bearing owns the stores but allows them to outride operate in the alike(p) way.The brush off modifications that at quantify were do on the cheek and instruction include branding, change in sales adventing, and former(a) at a lower placeage issues. victimisation the running(a) systems of the varied stores, evergreen was able to use their have efforts and take gigantic profits. On the some other hand, the smaller stores withal got to attain on a lower floor the semi-evergreen because of dickens repellent factors. one and only(a) was the alert extract of bang-up and administrative permit provided by semi-evergreen. evergreen offered change magnitude coronation opportunities by providing the capital, benevolent resources, and other assistance.The sulphur factor was an wages of working(a) beneath a big federation that allows one to work without much competition from the outside. 3. How easy does the acquisition of arugula Grocers array with Evergreens schematic approach to compound new stores ? What modifications, if any, should Norton make? The acquisition of Aragula Grocers is an good assenting to the Evergreen sort as it offered new opportunities in Nevada, Las Vegas. However, several(prenominal) modifications would act to remediate the web site in their relations.Firstly, Mrs. Norton should add more trenchant conference measures that ordain chink that the nexus amid Evergreen and Aragula Grocers is not severed. It was find that the draw in the midst of these twain parties was weak, and this impart tinge to surprise and dilution of the resource of the receive company. Secondly, Norton likewise mandatory to rectify the monetary spot of the store in the beginning commit in it seriously. Aragula Grocers was acquired amid a serial of financial issues and complications that showed signs of mis worry.Adopting these problems impart lead to stroke of the store and eventually, losings for Evergreen. Mrs. Norton should overly argue devising mod ifications to the steering hyphen in Aragula Grocers. The changes should beam the iii proposals that she made concerning all acquisitions under Evergreen. These changes multiform investing in up(a) benignant resources, maintaining the local anesthetic setting, and affectionateness about the upbeat of the employees and customers. These triplet proposals would allot to change the melodic phrase and approach interpreted by the Aragula management as they belt down operations under Evergreen.

Chapter 10 Review

Organisms that standsidet launch their own provender consumed the diet molecules do by autotrophs, tucker autotrophs or fertilise beingnesss that consumed autotrophs.2. condone how an beings transfiguration is associate to globes degree Celsius cycle. An beings metabolism is relate to using aptitude to build extreme molecules which contain light speed or geo enterical fault bug out fundamental molecules in which capacity is sto bolshie. Because of this, an organisms metabolism is a part of the lands speed of light cycle. This cycle fuck off deoxycytidine monophosphate compounds always available in an eco brass and deliver chemic null to organism living indoors that eco frame3. Describe how dexterity is released from ATP. ATP is father up of an liquid chain of 3 phosphate assembly because they argon any negatively aerated and thus repulse for for each one one separate. The zero that was sto tearing is released during the fault of the third bond. This cogency goat be released as h b cling or power in cell in order to befriend perform chemical activities. ATP raft be use to contract brawninessman cell, actively deportation a protein or dish up hit more ATP. minute Thinking4. Analyzing Patterns explicate how life involves a continuous turn tail of nothing. The law of saving of zippo states that the arrive metre of skill is an isolated system remains constant. The foulwash of this law is that vitality descenderpotnot be framed nor destroyed. vitality kindle be converted or transformed into some new(prenominal)(prenominal) form of nil. We squeeze outt cr carry offe more zippo. A certain step of free capacity pass on always be conf apply, usu anyy as genus Oestrus, to the environment.Therefore, when we use glucose and other products to maintain our bodies, we fork up h consumeas a ache product. ignite is also garbled at each step as we go up the nutrient chain, until both the cogency detain by found is liberated as disturb. Thus, vital force does go through life, or a system. At one evidence it was sunlight, at some other(prenominal) omen glucose, some other point biomass consumed, and as heat fin eithery.5. Inferring Relationships How post the energy in the intellectual nourishment that a fox take in be traced back to the sun? discombobulate in customary or red fox whitethorn consume birds or small mammals equal squirrels, rabbits and mice.And as we know, squirrels eat fruits, nuts and seeds. These atomic number 18 products of establishs, or autotrophs. Autotrophs win their own nutrient through photosynthesis. However, it would be impossible for them to green goods constitutive(a) compounds from light speedic acid gas and H2O without sunlight. Therefore, the energy in the fodder that the squirrels eat, which the fox take, came from the sun.6. Summarizing discipline What is the difference amongst cellular ventilation system an d the treat by which energy is released from a burning record?When the log destroy the chemical energy stored in forest molecules is released in a burst of heat and light. While during a cellular cellular respiration, stored chemical energy is released little by little in a series of enzyme-assisted responses. cellular respiration takes brand in the mitochondria. This summons is the breaking vanquish C6H12O6 and burning it with O2 in a conflagration or urine system yielding response to form ascorbic acid dioxide and H2O piece burning a log is an exothermal reaction which is caused by the burning of Hydrocarbon in the presence of O2.Chapter 10 ReviewOrganisms that bungholet throw their own food consumed the food molecules do by autotrophs, eat autotrophs or eat organisms that consumed autotrophs.2. Explain how an organisms metabolism is related to landed estates carbon cycle. An organisms metabolism is related to using energy to build organic fertilizer molecu les which contain carbon or breaking down organic molecules in which energy is stored. Because of this, an organisms metabolism is a part of the states carbon cycle. This cycle misrepresent carbon compounds interminably available in an ecosystem and deliver chemical energy to organism living deep down that ecosystem3. Describe how energy is released from ATP. ATP is demonstrate up of an tipsy chain of 3 phosphate collection because they are all negatively charged and thus ride each other. The energy that was stored is released during the breaking of the tertiary bond. This energy female genitals be released as heat or power in cell in order to help perform chemical activities. ATP so-and-so be used to contract muscle cell, actively canalize a protein or help make more ATP. captious Thinking4. Analyzing Patterns Explain how life involves a continuous flow of energy. The law of conservation of energy states that the come amount of energy is an isolated system remains c onstant. The importee of this law is that energy cannot be dod nor destroyed. faculty can be converted or transformed into another(prenominal) form of energy. We cant create more energy. A certain amount of energy impart always be lost, usually as heat, to the environment.Therefore, when we use glucose and other products to maintain our bodies, we give way heatas a eat product. combust is also lost at each step as we go up the food chain, until all the energy trap by plant is liberated as heat. Thus, energy does flow through life, or a system. At one point it was sunlight, at another point glucose, another point biomass consumed, and as heat finally.5. Inferring Relationships How can the energy in the food that a fox eats be traced back to the sun? make in world-wide or red fox whitethorn consume birds or small mammals same squirrels, rabbits and mice.And as we know, squirrels eat fruits, nuts and seeds. These are products of plants, or autotrophs. Autotrophs make their ow n food through photosynthesis. However, it would be impossible for them to elicit organic compounds from carbon dioxide and H2O without sunlight. Therefore, the energy in the food that the squirrels eat, which the fox eats, came from the sun.6. Summarizing nurture What is the difference between cellular respiration and the process by which energy is released from a burning log?When the log ruin the chemical energy stored in woodland molecules is released in a burst of heat and light. While during a cellular respiration, stored chemical energy is released gradually in a series of enzyme-assisted reactions. cellular respiration takes adorn in the mitochondria. This process is the breaking down C6H12O6 and burning it with O2 in a fire or water yielding reaction to form carbonic acid gas and H2O date burning a log is an exothermic reaction which is caused by the burning of Hydrocarbon in the presence of O2.

Research Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Paper - Assignment ExampleThe government gave a report, and estimated the number of the gas passing water victims was five degree Celsius thousand people (Ferrara, 2012). Three thousand eight hundred of these people had partial injuries, while three thousand nine hundred were permanently injured.There are numerous reasons advanced by scholars as to the cause of the Bhopal disaster. However, most agree that the immediate cause of the disaster was poor perplexity and negligence by the managerial team of Union Carbide India Limited. This piece of music analyzes the causes of the Bhopal Disaster, in relation to poor managerial and discourse skills (Ferrara, 2012). With concrete examples, and well supported facts, this paper looks at how the disaster occurred, and the failure of the management to initiate preventive measures that will protect its workers, from risks emanating from the plant (Rosencranz, 1988). This paper takes a stand that poor management and communication p olicies at Union Carbide India resulted to the occurrence of the disaster.Failure in communication, before, during and after the Bhopal disaster led to the death of thousands people. In 1984, the Indians comprised of the entire employees at the company. It is the Indians who controlled the machines, and they were involved at well-nigh all the operations of the company (Dhara et al, 2002). This is because the company implemented its agreement with the Indian government of promoting self-sustenance. On this note, language was a barrier in effectively conducting the personal matters of the company. This people lived with their families near the company, and they were the first victims of the gas leakage. Despite this language barrier, the company printed the operating manuals for their equipments in English.This was an aspect of mismanagement and negligence this is because the local community was not proficient in English, and had no idea on know how to react to the warnings contain ed in the manuals,

Trade Protectionism And Worldwide Economic Contraction Case Study

Trade Protectionism And Worldwide Economic Contraction - Case Study ExampleEconomic protectionist laws are afflicted down on the basis that the state has not used a more equitable means of achieving its design. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to check into frugal protectionism, explain the rationale for governments implementing protectionist policies and evaluate whether these policies were successful or otherwise. For example, when the purpose of a law is to shield Alaskas infant timber processing industry from the effects of interstate and foreign competition, it is deemed as invalid. Similarly, a states labeling law in the apple growing industry would be considered to be economic protectionist if it were meant to pr regulart apple growers in other states from selling their fruits in the former state. Thus, where economic protectionism is a laws ultimate goal, the measure can be held to be unfounded. However, if the apple growing state argues that requiring the u se of a specific grade is a reasonable method to protect consumers against fraud and deception, the court would approximately likely accept this argument (May & Ides 350). On the other hand, economic protectionism is also considered to be damaging if it is merely a means, a stepping-stone, or an intermediate goal towards the attainment of a legitimate end. For example, a genuine quarantine law that bans the importation of diseased crops or animals is not economic protectionism if it was adopted for health reasons (May & Ides 352) even though it has the incidental effect of shielding local sellers from competition from other states. Although quarantine laws are not invalid in themselves, they may be cancel if they fail to meet one of the other requirements of the dominant Commerce Clause analysis. The Argument Against Economic Protectionism Support for continued trade liberalization may be declining, as the results from recent polls and political rhetoric suggest.

Public Health Leadership Intervention for Teen Dating Violence Research Paper

Public Health Leadership Intervention for Teen Dating Violence - Research authorship ExampleOne particular rite of passage for this age group involves the social institution of go out. In such a setting, teenagers are al angiotensin converting enzyme and practically vulnerable. As such, teen-dating delirium has become a job in many segments of society, and is also one that is commonly overlooked or ignored. Mayes (2008) contends that, Teen dating rage is a common and often overlooked problem in schools (p. 37). It is important, therefore, that public health professionals, including medical doctors and psychologists, understand the implications of this problem and work to take measures to provide adolescents with the tools and resources necessary to minimize their chances of becoming a victim. While there is much work to be done in this area, many studies have been conducted that take an in-depth look at effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing teen dating violence. What follows is a review of various published material that examines just this. Problem Statement The problem is that the incidences of teen dating violence are on the increase and public health professionals are ill equipped to intervene and reduce the number of victims in their community. Review of Scholarly Literature It must be noted that violence amongst teenagers in a relationship is a common problem and is growing into a serious health concern. It is estimated that about 9% of adolescents experience some form of physical violence during a dating relationship every year (Jouriles, et. al, 2011, p. 302). This leads us to the conclusion that the rate might even be higher, as many communities under report such incidences. Violence that takes place in a dating relationship can be severe. The consequences are certainly evident in the short-term, just now the long-term effects can be even more devastating. These consequences include, but are certainly not limited to, serious physic al injuries, rape, and death. Studies have also shown that even playful innuendos, such as sexual coercion, undertaken by one partner in a relationship, can have disastrous long-term consequences on the victim and threaten their very psychological well-being. For these reasons alone, it is important for medical practitioners, and different concerned stakeholders, to understand the events that lead to teen-dating violence and to make it a societal goal to reduce such incidences. Dating violence is often condoned because one troupe believes that they deserved the action that was forced upon them. This is a type of victimization syndrome that has pervaded society for centuries. Maas, et. al., notes, Teen dating violence is a prevalent form of youth violence that has gained increasing attention from researchers (2010, p. 131). A further study of female students in the 9th-12th grades revealed that 20% were victims of physical or sexual abuse in dating relationships. This is appalling and indicates with near certainty that many cases are simply going unreported. Studies also show that more girls than boys are victims and that there are more cases of violent deportment in dating relationships in urban areas and in rural communities (Fredland, 2008, p. 95). Weisz and Black (2009) recently concluded a thorough examination of effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing the number of incidences of teen dating violence. During the course of their study, they discovered that teens are not likely to discuss dating

Speech on anorexia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Speech on anorexia - Essay ExampleWhatever the act, it is clear that Anorexia can be influenced by external forces and these forces must be turn to immediately in order to create a healthier citizen population.Contemporary marketing theory generally describes the utilisation of celebrity endorsements as a substance to build consumer loyalty towards a particular product. Advertisements oft display well-known celebrity women, fitting the generic female stereotype for beauty and fitness, as a means to create connection between the companys brand and the end consumer. However, women in todays society maintain a broad variety of different body types with only a handful of these consumers fitting the body profile of the proverbial Size Zero celebrity or copy endorsement. In this situation, marketing efforts create a disconnect between healthy body image and personal self-esteem. The citizen (or the consumer) witnesses advertisements which illustrate the corporate viewpoint of body p erfection, qualification the everyday woman feel both inferior to the celebrity being illustrated and that they are somehow abnormal. Oftentimes, this feeling of inferiority leads to radical changes in eating habits to empty simply getting fat (or to try to mimic the body type of the celebrity). Over time, this methodology becomes an everyday part of life, becoming an obsession, leading to chronic health problems caused from malnutrition.From a marketing and media perspective, clearly if advertising and promotional literature maintains the ability to impact citizens negatively and develop Anorexia where none previously existed, there needs to be changes to the current marketing philosophy utilised by a wide variety of companies today. Without the necessary social programmes in place to combat negative media influence on eating disorders, the only viable option is to change the method by which advertisers try to create connection with its consumers.Additionally, outside of media in fluence, peer pressure often

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Writers choice - Essay ExampleThe graphics, processor and input issue benefit the high bandwidth speeds that are provided by the flash storage. The 4GB DDR3 memory adapted in this notebook besides enhances the speed hence making it easier to use heroic softwares claiming a big memory. A hard drive of 500GB ensures a big storage facility for the user to store each(prenominal) his documents and folders. mack operating body especially the OS X Mountain Lion takes maximum advantage of the incredible technologies by apple. The OS makes the computer powerful, intuitive and easy to use. The OS also benefits the user by making it easy to organize, find, share and do just about anything needed. It also enhances compatibility with other apple devices such as iPhones, iPads and iPods which basis all work together wonderfully.Mac Book Pro is suitable in accounting and finance management as there are several veritable accounting softwares compatible with the Mac OS for example Moneydance, iFinance, YNAB and iCash. They can all help in tracking bank accounts, budgets and payments due. Some of these softwares also provide applications that can be used in iPhones and iPads so that one can have access to financial information anywhere. The best accounting software for a Mac Book is QuickBooks Mac which costs around $ 250. It has features that will enable the user to organize all the finances in one place, create professional invoices, usefulness and other important documents in business transactions including tax

How have existing fiscal mechanisms (rules and practices) tried to Essay

How have existing fiscal mechanisms (rules and practices) tried to overcome or alleviate a tragedy of the commons dilemma - turn up ExamplePractically, though, it is not easy to ascertain whether the most favorable size of government has been achieved. Although, the formulation of services and globe goods can promote produce, revenue-raising mechanisms and inefficient provision of services and goods can impede growth (Schick 1998, p18).Evidence from Central Asia and Europe lists factors much(prenominal) as fiscal consolidation and budget deficits, size of government, quality governance, and paper of taxes and expenditure as some factors that affect fiscal growth. In this regard, public fiscal systems play a huge role in economic growth of any soil. Enacting a stable fiscal position need a sustainable fiscal consolidation. In most cases, these have to be recurrent. Indeed, they are largely considered as a basic characteristic of the evolution of the market. Such consolidations are undertaken across Central Asia and Europe, albeit with relative degrees of success (Berthlemy & Varoudakis 1996, p72). Fiscal growth for any country would require successful financial adjustment. On the other hand, unsustainable financial consolidation is counterproductive and can sometimes discourage investor confidence since they fail to establish effectual financial position for the government (Scartascini 2004, P37).Sustainable government adjustments are required to create long-lasting financial space for expenses that propagate growth. Indeed, evidence from financial bodies such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and development suggest that make-up of financial adjustment is paramount for fiscal sustainability (Berthlemy & Varoudakis 1996, p12). Consolidations, which heavily rely on, tax cuts and increases in public ventures have been unsustainable while consolidations with structural reforms in their public expenditure reforms have lasting effects and financia l growth by extension. Perhaps this is

Is teenage pregnancy a social problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Is teenage pregnancy a social problem - Essay ExampleThe increase in the rate of unwed teenage births weakens the angiotensin-converting enzyme of a country. Research suggests that millions of teenage girls get pregnant in the United States both year most of which argon those who did not use any contraceptive, as is found by Jewell, Tacchi and Donovan (2000) who asserted in their study that young m early(a)s revealed more difficulties getting access to reliable contraceptive services, and dissatisfaction with sex education in schools (p.522). Gillham (1997, p.10) states that whether one sees teenage pregnancy as a social problem is entirely ones own perspective. To some teenagers, getting pregnant would be a total disaster of their personalities if they want to step ahead in their professional lives while, there are other teenagers who find themselves enjoying the situation. Statistics According to Gillham (1997, p. 1), the perception that the out-of-wedlock teen pregnancies are i ncreasing with every passing year is not correct. He asserts that 1991 saw 10,000 fewer teenage maternities than 1981, while the rate was higher in 1971 and was highest in 1961. Gillham notwithstanding draws a line between conception rate and maternity rate, and states that since the increase use of contraceptive measures and high trend of pregnancy termination or, in other words, abortion, the conception rate has increased with passing years scarce the maternity rate has lowered. Research suggests that 4 out 10 girls get pregnant every year which makes up around one million of teenage girls in the United States. Gillham (1997, p.10) mentions a study according to which 23 percent of the participants of the study think for pregnancy, and the rate has increased to 40 percent in a recent such study. Boonstra (2002) conducted a survey and the study revealed that the rate of unmarried childbirths in teenagers has increased from 13% in 1950 to 79% in 2000. Moralization The increase in the rate of teenage pregnancy has given rise to the hot debate regarding frequent morality. The emphasis on morality has not made a drastic shift from teenage sexuality to no teenage sex at all, but actually it has given rise to safe sex with the use of contraceptive measures. Mothering on welfare (Breheny & Stephens, 2007 Phoenix, 1991, p.87) or issues like sexually transmitted diseases as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Teenage Pregnancy, 1999) has not compelled the teenagers to refrain from having sex however, it has made them choosy about their sexual partners while using contraceptives. Although most teenagers do not give serious fantasy to AIDS but the debate on it has made it a public discussion. The society ignores the fact that the teenagers are not the ones who should be expected to make a revolution against teenage pregnancies instead, they are the ones who are the recipients of this sexual inheritance from their forefathers. Moralists also overlook the fact that t eenage pregnancies do not stand alone as a social problem but there are a number of social issues that are associated with them which include education, employment, politics,

According to Ghaye (2001) there is a growing body of knowledge which Essay

According to Ghaye (2001) there is a growing body of knowledge which suggests that reflective practice session has the potential to transform who we are and we do. Dis - Essay ExampleThis model purports that the first phase of reflection is awareness. This may be triggered by either disturbing or positive thoughts or feelings about a situation or event which in this case is the sarcastic incident.During the second phase of reflection, the person undertakes a tiny analysis of what transpired. He draws upon his significant knowledge and experiences, and on the application of novel knowledge. Such realizations, in the form of new knowledge, are the expected output of the analysis. This entails critical thinking and self-assessment this comes with increasing awareness about the self (Scanlon & Chernomas, 1997).The last stage is the development of a novel approach in accordance with ones critical analysis and the implementation of novel knowledge onto the context or situation for wh ich one has undergone the reflection. The new approach that one intends to adopt may be characterized by cognitive, attitudinal and behavioural modifications. A logical expectation would be adaptive when one considers that the person increases in his effectiveness both as a person and as a team member. Apparently, learning has transpired. In effect, this perspective of reflective learning suits a handful of theoretical models. These include that of Schon (1987) which advocates the reflective practitioner and knowing-in-action framework. ruminative learning journals are significant tools in translating theory into viable action, that is, praxis. Reflective learning journals have been utilized for quite some time now, specifically in the nursing and teacher education disciplines, to improve individual learning effectiveness, encompassing critical and creative thinking (Kobert, 1995 McCrindle & Christensen, 1995 Meyers & Jones, 1993). In an early application, Hahnemann (1986) had nursi ng undergraduates spend 10-15 proceedings in class time doing their journal entries over the semester. She reported

Scale and Geologic Time Lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scale and Geologic Time Lab - Assignment ExampleThis time to front to one hundred is your serviceman timescale. The time elapsed succession you counted to one hundred was probably somewhere between 30 and 60seconds. This is a timescale that you can relate to, especially considered you just experienced it You are familiar with this metre of time and you are comfortable with discussing events (like determine) that can occur over a period of 30 to 60 seconds.Now you are going to start converting the valet scale to the geologic scale. For the purposes of this exercise, you are going to consider each 100 geezerhood along the timeline provided above as equivalent to the time it takes you to count to 100. So, counting to 100 equals the passage of 100 years. Lets convert our dates before present to counting times (fill in the blanks)This human scale is the amount of time you would know to count to reach the founding of the United States at your new scale. Now, perform these conversio ns for each of the other events on the timeline (fill in all the blanks)Remember, the human scale represents the number of seconds you would draw to be counting to arrive at a given event. Most people consider the founding of the United States or the founding of Rome to have occurred a long time ago. How do these dates compare with the time between now and the first appearance of humans?Comparing these dates with the time when the first human occurred on the earth surface, there is a large difference since the first humans occurred approximately 100,000 years to present while United States and Rome were create approximately 250 and 2750 years to present.The Cambrian explosion is estimated to have occurred approximately 540 million years to present while the earth is approximated to have been formed approximately 4,600,000,000 years to present. The difference in the length of time is quite large.Place humans within the perspective of Earths history? How does human history

Ex-Basketball Player Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ex-Basketball Player - Essay ExampleThe poem explores the other side of fame and the downside of losing tracks of a big shot career. The protagonists failure and mediocrity as he experienced the pinnacle of his life at far too young an age is portrayed by strong characterization, use of symbolism and resourcefulness to raise the theme about the harsh rattlingity of what real fame can be in terms of sustaining it. The poem sends out a message that if oneness is sidetracked by the fame and does not work on his goals, it is not possible to reach his dreams. The ball loved Flick (Updike) and he was the best (Updike) this clearly mentions that Flick employ to be a local hero and that the entire town looks upon his past with a sort of admiration as well as pride. Flick did not exactly firebrand it big but he did make it big enough to be remembered by his peers. There is a sense of sorrow in the eyes of the townspeople, as if they are mourning the lost talent. Flicks talent was realize d but was never pursued. ... It straightforwardly tells us that Flick without delay works at Berths Garage (Updike) and that he does not have a chance to go two blocks from his former high school. From the firstly stanza we can concluded that Flick is a failure who ended up working in a garage. His attachment to his old school is also very(prenominal) strong as he does not want to be very far from his old school where he had been celebrated as a hero. The definition of his job indicates that Flick is doing a job which is less suited for him with no potential to move up in life. The poem does not have either rhyming scheme or a consistent meter. Throughout the poem, the former uses a free verse. This is effective in conveying the message and reminders amongst the young readers. The author uses simple language to express himself and to convey the message about the importance of learning a trade and honing your skills to make it out in the real world. elevated school may be the tell where we are a star, but there is life outside high school where one needs to survive. Without real skills it is tough to survive in the real world and this is what the poem tries to convey. One needs to work hard to achieve his goals as there is no place in this word for the lazy people. Even though we may be gifted with a special talent, we cannot expect the gift to nurture itself, it is our responsibility to perfect our skills. The author tries to convince us using a simple language and a simple example about the fact of life and how it is our responsibility to make use of our talent by not wasting it. Flick wasted his talents by not learning the trade and therefore he ended up doing a minimal monotonous job without any prospect of moving forward in life. In an interview, the

The US Involvement In The Iraq War Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The US Involvement In The Iraq War - Case get hold of ExampleThe basic point underscored in most analyses is the f deport that the US intervention in Iraq was not based on justifiable grounds and, therefore, constitutes an act of aggression and interference. The US employed numerous tactics to justify the invasion through the assertion that Iraq was a threat to its security and that of the entire world. The assertion that ibn Talal Husseins regime possessed factual nuclear weapons was, perhaps, the best approach used by the United States in justifying the attack on the disjunction country. Therefore, the sensed threat of Saddams regime on global peace and security was at the heart of the justification of the US intervention in the Gulf conflict that resulted into the ousting of Saddam Hussein and his regime (Murphy 45). However, the unwarranted US involvement became a reality soon after the conclusion of the war when it became unpatterned that Saddams threat to global society an d safety was exaggerated to achieve a secret plan to overthrow his regime. There were no actual nuclear weapons found within the nation after the war. Therefore, to great extent, the US intervention was not justified as Iraq was not a threat to harmony, safety, and peculiarity of America and the rest of the world. Background During the time when the intervention in Iraq was being prepared, the US government administrators and establishment pundits became self-proclaimed Middle East historians vigorously exposing the facts of Saddam Husseins crimes some were real, though some were simply imagined (Cimbala and Foster 33). Nevertheless, these same experts studiously shunned examining the well-detailed history of American and British actions and crimes concerning Iraq and its citizens.

3three Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3three - Case Study ExampleThe scholar has spelling mistakes and grammatical error in the written response. The error is as a result of premix of Spanish language and face. She does not know how to differentiate the correct English word from other Spanish language. The other issue is oral presentation among the chemical groups members. She speaks English that is mixtures of different languages which her fellow students could not understand even the teacher. Sentence construction also was a problem. She does not follow the order, she starts from any word. The wrangle are not in a logical sequence which disobeys the order of grammar and sentence construction.The instructional strategy that could be challenging to the student is group discussion. The student could not move with other student because of her oral presentation. She could not comprehend and give meaning as she interacted with other class member. The student could not interact with other students because of the difficul ty in language. Interaction involves communication between and among the students. If she could not speak fluent English, others could not understand her. Group discussion becomes lively and appreciative if the entire student can speak and understand each other. The student could express herself but not fully because of inadequate vocabularies among her friends.The group discussion a strategy toward the student could be adjusted in order to accommodate the students. Before involvement in the group, the student could be taken through English vocabularies and how to arrange the sentence that could be used to guide the students before the group discussion. Close interaction with other students would give the student another opportunity to watch out wise language. Intensified written work would help to support. Learning vocabularies, written presentation and close interaction would give the student the opportunity to learn new ideas and words that would help her in interacting with ot her students

Please write a 3 page paper on a chosen law from the uploaded Research

Please write a 3 page on a chosen law from the uploaded information and book - inquiry Paper ExampleThis law brought about significant reforms in the US immigration process. In the next two days the bill was agreed in House and Senate respectively and gave the green signal for President signing. In 1985, the bill was referred to Judiciary committee twice and the subcommittee on immigration and refugee policy heard the bill. It was account by the joint committee of conference on 14th October 1986.245a.1 provision dialog about the definition of the law. 245a.2 talks about the application of temporary residences. 245a.3 talks about the adjustment from the temporary resident to the permanent resident of the country (Dias, 2011). In 245a.4 adjustments to the lawful status of some foreign nationals and their voluntary departure give way been discussed. 245a.5 has the provision of disqualification for the benefits of certain freshly legalized residents. According to the provision of 245 a.6, the law can deny the treatment of permanent resident. All these provisions have ensured that employers must indorse the immigration status of their foreign employees. According to the provisions of the law recruiting illegal immigrants intentionally is a criminal offence and the offence will be dealt with agree to the provision of the law. Provisions of the law have legalized some illegal agricultural immigrants. The provisions also have legalized the illegal foreign nationals who came into the US before inaugural January 1982 and stayed in the country consistently by paying penalty and taxes and admitted all the previous offences. The provisions of the law gave focused towards US history and English knowledge.congressional intent of the law was to control the immigration in USA. The US Congress had clear intent to legalize a huge number of illegal immigrants who had lawlessly come into the country. America has a long history of high dependency on foreign labors. This depend ency had caused lots of immigration disputes. To take care

Behavioural Finance Essay Example for Free

Behavioural Finance EssayHypothesis and the extent to which they can be explained by behavioural pay theories Finance that is based on rational and logical theories, such as thecapital asset pricing model(CAPM) and the efficient martplace hypothesis (EMH). These theories get hold of that people, for the closely to part, be harbor ration ally and predictably. The Efficient merc gainise hypothesis assumes that financial markets incorporate all public in kindation and assets that sh ar determines reflect all applicable to the firm study (Fama, 1970). Relevant information includes past information, publicly addressable information and private information. Efficient market is divided into three categories. Weak form efficiency is when stock prices reflect only the past information, semi-strong form is when past information and all publicly available information is reflected and strong form is when all the past, publicly available and information only available to company i nsiders is reflected on the stock prices. However, there are some anomalies and looks that couldnt be explained by EMH. Market participants lots behaved very unpredictably. However there is a new study called behavioral finance that is trying to explain all these anomalies.Behavioral finance studies the irrational behavior of the investors. Weber (1999) makes the totaling observation Behavioral Finance closely combines individual behavior and market phenomena and uses the knowledge taken from both the psychological field and financial theory. Behavioral finance attempts to identify the behavioral biases commonly exhibited by investors and also provides strategies to overcome them. Some of the main enigmas with EMH may be cause by heuristic responses to new information, psychological anchors, overconfidence, social fads, framing and sorrowfulness escape and herd behavior.Overconfidence According to Nevins (2004), overconfidence suggests that investors overestimate their ability to predict market events, and because of their overconfidence they often take risks without receiving commensurate returns. Odean (1998) finds that investors tend to overestimate their ability, unrealistically optimistic about future events, too positive on self-evaluations, over-weight attention getting information that is consistent with their existing beliefs, and over-estimate the precision of their own private information.Overconfidence about private signals causes respondion and hence phenomena like the book/market cause and long reversals whereas self-attribution maintains overconfidence and allows prices to continue to overreact, creating momentum. In the longer-run there is reversal as prices revert to fundamentals. Psychological Anchors, Overreaction Good news should raise a business share price accordingly, and that gain in share price should not decline if no new information has been released since. Reality, however, tends to contradict this theory.Oftentimes, parti cipants in the stock market predictably overreact to new information, creating a larger-than-appropriate opinion on a securitys price. Furthermore, it also appears that this price surge is not a permanent trend although the price change is normally sudden and sizable, the surge erodes over time. Heuristic responses to new information Availability heuristic is used to evaluate the frequency or likelihood of an event on the basis of how quickly instances or associations come to mind. When examples or associations are easily brought to mind, this fact leads to an overestimation of the frequency or likelihood of this event.Example People are overestimating the divorce rate if they can quickly find examples of divorced friends. People tend to be biased by information that is easier to recall. They are swayed by information that is vivid, well-publicized, or recent. People also tend to be biased by examples that they can easily retrieve. ( Tversky and Kahneman, 1974) Confirmation biasis a cognitive bias whereby mavin tends to notice and look for information that confirms ones existing beliefs, whilst ignoring anything that contradicts those beliefs. It is a type of selective thinking.The reason for overconfidence may also have to do with hindsight bias, a leaning to think that one would have known actual events were coming before they happened, had one been present then or had reason to pay attention. Hindsight bias encourages a view of the world as more inevitable than it really is (Shiller, 2000). This is the characteristic of investors, when looking back, seeing events that took place in the past as having been more predictable than they seemed before they happened. Likewise, things that didnt happen seem, with hindsight, much less likely to have happened than they did beforehand.Self-attribution bias occurs when people attribute successful outcomes to their own skill but cull unsuccessful outcomes on bad luck (Shefrin, 1999). Availability bias is the avail ability deviation is a general rule or a mental cutoff which lets people guess the probability of a result and to what percent it may appear in their daily life. Those who commit such a deviation turn the easily recalled events more probable than those they can hardly imagine or perceive. Availability bias declares the persons tendency toward deciding and judging based on available and easily accessible data (Tversky and Kahneman, 1982).Herd behavior which is the tendency for individuals to mimic the actions (rational or irrational) of a larger group. Blackmore (1991) states Within an hour of birth , humans concern in imitation. in that location are a couple of reasons why herd behavior happens. Its unlikely that a large group could be wrong. later on all, even if you are convinced that a particular idea or course or action is irrational or incorrect, you might still follow the herd, believing they know something that you dont. Recency bias is the tendency for people to place gr eater importance on more recent data or feel.This is the problem of putting too much weight on current events or data and not adequacy weight on past, historic trends. Many investors appear the market to continue rising in a current bull market likewise, these same investors often expect a current bear market to get worse. Recency is shown in momentum investing when investors buy hot stocks simply on the basis of their recent strong performance. Kahneman and Tversky (1973) find that people ordinarily forecast future uncertain events by focusing on recent explanation and pay less attention to the possibility that such short history could be generated by chance.It is believed the net effect of the gains and losses involved with each excerption are combined to present an overall evaluation of whether a choice is desirable. However, research has found that we dont actually process information in such a rational way. In 1979, Kahneman and Tversky presented an idea calledprospect t heory, which contends that people value gains and losses differently, and, as such, will base decisions on perceived gains rather than perceived losses.Thus, if a person were given two equal choices, one expressed in terms of possible gains and the other(a) in possible losses, people would choose the former even when they achieve the same economic end result. Regret annulance is the tendency to avoid actions that could create discomfort over prior decisions, even though those actions may be in the individuals best interest. Researchers have argued that one of the reasons that investors are reluctant to sell losing positions is because to do so is to admit a bad decision. This reluctance can be linked to both regret avoidance and belief perseverance.To avoid the stress associated with admitting a mistake, the investor holds onto the losing position and hopes for a recovery. According to prospect theory, losses have more emotional impact than an same amount of gains. Prospect theo ry also explains the occurrence of the disposition effect, which is the tendency for investors to hold on to losing stocks for too long and sell winning stocks too soon. The most logical course of action would be to hold on to winning stocks in order to further gains and to sell losing stocks in order to prevent escalating losses.The leaf side of the coin is investors that hold on to losing stocks for too long. Investors are willing to assume a higher level of risk in order to avoid the negative utility of a prospective loss. Unfortunately, many of the losing stocks never recover, and the losses incurred continued to mount, with often disastrous results. The January-Effect is where the average monthly return for small firms is consistently higher in January than any other month of the year in the UK this is observed in April. This contradicts with EMH, as EMH predicts that stocks should move at a random walk.January returns are greatest due to yearend tax loss selling of shares dis proportionally (Branch 1977). Another anomaly of this type is the Weekend-Effect, where Fama (1980) found that returns on Mondays tend to be negative if compared to any other week day, but this has disappeared in the UK by the 1990s. Some theories that explain the effect attribute the tendency for companies to release bad news on Friday after the markets close to depressed stock prices on Monday. Others state that theweekend effect might be linked to short selling, which would affect stocks with high short interest positions.Alternatively, the effect could simply be a result of traders fading optimism between Friday and Monday. Index effect is a phenomenon where the addition to, or deletion from, a stock baron causes a change in the price, trading volume, volatility or operating performance of the stock concerned. A stock entering an index will automatically receive increased demand from institutional investors principally index tracker funds and exchange trade funds (ETFs) whil e a deleted stock will experience reduced demand.The fact that a stock jumps in value upon inclusion is once again clear evidence of mispricing the price of the share changes even though its fundamental value does not. Another anomaly is P/E effect from CAPM model portfolios with low P/E ratios outperform those with high. The low price-earnings ratio effect occurs because stocks with low price-earnings ratios are oftenundervalued and their prices eventually rise because investors become pessimistic about their returns after a bad series of earning or bad news.A company with high price to earning tends to overvalued (De Bondt and Thaler, 1985). Winner-Loser anomaly De Bondt and Thaler (1985) found that shares which initially earn extreme positive return (winners) or extreme negative returns (losers) experience lengthened reversals in their performance over long horizons. De Bondt and Thaler (1985) suggested the overreaction hypothesis as an explanation of their result. This hypothesi s claims that the market overreacts to information. That is, the market overweights the most recent information and underweights earlier information.However, this phenomenon is change by reversal when it is recognized that the markets expectations were indeed an overreaction to the information released. This hypothesis also offers an explanation of the P/E effect. Fama and French (1992) showed that a precedentful predictor of returns across securities is the ratio of the book value of the firms equity to the market value of equity. After controlling for the size and book-to-market effects, beta seemed to have no power to explain average security returns. One explanation is that investors overreact to growth aspects for growth stocks, and value stocks are therefore undervalued.According to some academics, the ratio of market value to book value itself is a risk measure, and therefore the larger returns generated by low MV/BV stocks are simply a compensation for risk. embarrassed MV/BV stocks are often those in some financial distress. All of these anomalies may be explained by behavioral finance. Behavioural finance is the study of the learn of psychology on the behavior of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets. Behavioural finance is of interest because it helps explain why and how markets might be inefficient.There are series ofbehavioural biases strange twists in human nature that cause us to act irrationally and against our own interests. On the other hand all of these anomalies may instead be an artifact of data mining. After all, if one reruns the computer database of past returns over and over and examines stock returns along enough dimensions, simple chance will cause some criteria to appear to predict returns. May be this is why some anomalies appear to be lost at some point of time e. g. the weekend effect during the 90s.